Allergy-Induced Dry Eyes: Signs, Roots, and Remedies
In the realm of common eye conditions, allergy-related dry eyes stand out as a significant concern for many individuals. According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) and the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), this condition typically arises when allergens irritate the surface of the eye, leading to inflammation and disruption of normal tear production and composition.
### Common Causes
Allergic reactions to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold can cause inflammation on the eye surface, resulting in allergic conjunctivitis which often accompanies dry eye symptoms. Inflammation triggered by these allergies can damage the tear film or reduce tear production, leading to dry eye symptoms. Additionally, tear film instability caused by allergies can cause the protective tear film to evaporate more quickly. Other contributing factors include environmental conditions (dry air, wind), certain medications, contact lens use, or underlying conditions like blepharitis or Meibomian Gland Dysfunction that worsen dry eye disease.
### Symptoms of Allergy-Related Dry Eyes
Symptoms of allergy-related dry eyes include itching, burning, and stinging sensations, redness and irritation, a gritty or sandy feeling in the eyes, excessive tearing or watery eyes, light sensitivity (photophobia), blurry vision or discomfort during blinking. Patients often also experience associated allergy symptoms such as sneezing or nasal congestion.
### Treatments
Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and restore the tear film. Environmental adjustments, such as avoiding allergens by closing windows, using air filters or humidifiers, and minimizing exposure to irritants, can help manage symptoms. Artificial tears and lubricating eye drops can supplement natural tears and relieve dryness. Prescription anti-inflammatory eyedrops, such as corticosteroids or cyclosporine, can reduce ocular surface inflammation caused by allergies. Antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer eye drops can control allergic responses and inflammation. Oral antihistamines or allergy medications can provide systemic allergy symptom control. Punctal plugs, which reduce tear drainage and increase moisture retention on the eye surface, may also be considered. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements can improve tear quality and reduce inflammation.
Other advanced treatments, such as intense-pulsed light (IPL) therapy or LipiFlow, may be considered for severe cases or associated eyelid dysfunction. Besides medications, patient education on avoiding known allergens and maintaining good eyelid hygiene also supports symptom management.
### When to Consult a Doctor
If a person experiences persistent dry eyes or their symptoms do not get better, they should consult a doctor. In some cases, more severe forms of contact allergic conjunctivitis, such as giant papillary conjunctivitis, may cause discomfort or pain from wearing contact lenses, itchiness, redness, and mucus discharge. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis are more severe types of eye allergies that mostly affect males with eczema or asthma.
Recent research suggests that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, may lead to small fiber neuropathy on the surface of the eye, a condition similar to dry eyes. However, more research is necessary to determine how commonly the virus may be causing such symptoms.
### Prevalence and Common Allergens
Dry eyes are a common issue affecting nearly half of the population living in the United States. Common allergens that can irritate the eyes and contribute to eye dryness include dust, smoke, and heavy wind. Other potential causes of dry eyes include medical conditions like thyroid disease or rheumatoid arthritis, prolonged use of contact lenses, staring at a computer screen for an extended period, reactions to medications, and responses to surgery.
Home treatment for dry eyes involves a combination of controlling the environment and using over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications. Symptoms of dry eyes include itchiness, a feeling that something is sticking in the eye, redness inside or around the eyes, watery discharge from the eyes, a burning sensation, blurry vision, and sensitivity to light.
In summary, allergy-related dry eye involves an inflammatory process induced by allergens leading to tear film instability and discomfort. Proper management includes a combination of environmental control, anti-inflammatory and lubricating treatments tailored to each patient’s severity and response. Patients are advised to consult eye care specialists to accurately diagnose and optimally treat dry eyes related to allergies. If a doctor suspects allergies, they may recommend an allergy test.
Allergies contribute to the inflammation of the eye surface, causing allergic conjunctivitis that often coincides with dry eye symptoms. This inflammation can damage the tear film or reduce tear production, leading to dry eyes. Treatment for allergy-related dry eyes aims to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and restore the tear film, often utilizing a combination of environmental control, anti-inflammatory and lubricating treatments. It's essential to consult an eye care specialist for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Patients may also undergo an allergy test if allergies are suspected. Health and wellness regimes focusing on eye health should consider managing allergies to maintain good eye-health and prevent dry eye disease. Underlying mental health conditions, like stress, may also exacerbate dry eye symptoms, making it crucial to address those conditions as well.
