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Autism Spectrum Disorder: Early Signs and Diagnosis

Discover the early warning signs of ASD. Early identification and intervention can make a big difference in supporting autistic children.

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In this picture there is a boy is sitting on wheelchair and playing a piano. On top of piano there...
In this picture there is a boy is sitting on wheelchair and playing a piano. On top of piano there are some toys. At the right side there is a curtain and a box on the floor. The boy is wearing a yellow shirt and pant.

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Early Signs and Diagnosis

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that typically manifests in early childhood. It's characterized by differences in communication, social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour or interests.

Symptoms usually appear between 12 and 24 months, but can be evident earlier or later. These may include delayed language development, difficulty expressing or understanding feelings, and unusual sensory sensitivities. Around 36 months, autistic children might struggle with joint attention and have repetitive motor movements. They may also display hyperlexia, reading beyond their expected age level, or use an unusual tone when speaking. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) categorises these symptoms into problems with communication and social interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviours. Genetic and environmental factors can contribute to ASD's development.

ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning it affects individuals differently. Diagnosis requires symptoms in both communication/social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviour categories. Early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for those with ASD.

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