Connection and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer
Unleashing the Link: Breast and Ovarian Cancer Connections
Let's get to the nitty-gritty of it: breast cancer and ovarian cancer, two peers in the brutal dance of life-threatening diseases, share more than just a close kinship. Genetic factors backed by science play the lead role in connecting these dance partners.
Those carrying mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the prime suspects in this diabolical duo. These genes, responsible for DNA repair and cell growth control, make a dangerous combo when they malfunction, increasing the likelihood of both cancers[1][3].
They put on a medley of risk factors, some shared and some unique, for those who find themselves in their deadly sphere. Interestingly, people with these genetic mutations are more likely to see both cancers take the stage[2].
So, what are these risk factors?
- Old age, typically over 40 for ovarian cancer and 55 for breast cancer, joins the party[2].
- Overweight or obesity, oscillating hormonal levels, family history of either cancer, never carrying a pregnancy to term, never having children, not breastfeeding, and hormone therapy after menopause play their insidious part[2].
But here's a silver lining: some risk factors are modifiable, like weight, exercise habits, alcohol intake, and contraceptive choices[2].
Now, the million-dollar question: does one increase the risk of the other? The short answer: absolutely!
People who have battled breast cancer may find themselves stepping into the ring with ovarian cancer[1]. This increased risk stems from the underlying genetic mutations rather than the disease itself[1]. Research indicates that breast cancer survivors are about twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer[1].
A similar pas de deux exists on the flip side: people with ovarian cancer have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer[1].
Managing a past cancer diagnosis can be a delicate dance, and healthcare professionals may suggest more frequent screenings, such as regular mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests[1]. Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations can be the choreographer's best friend in setting the stage for monitoring and prevention[1].
For people carrying genetic mutations, prophylactic surgeries can provide a protective stance[1].
That's not all, folks! A 2020 observational study suggests that those battling both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have a relatively favorable outlook, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates around 90%[1].
However, a later diagnosis of ovarian cancer following breast cancer can take a toll on survival rates[1]. A person's age at their first cancer diagnosis and the time between the two are significant predictors of survival[1].
In conclusion, the link between breast and ovarian cancer is complicated yet fascinating, primarily due to shared genetic mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. If you or a loved one has a family history of one or both cancers, genetic testing and careful monitoring are essential tools in the quest for early detection and improved outcomes.
References:[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079632/[2] https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html[3] https://www.genome.gov/27567453/brca1-gene-mutation/[4] https://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovarian-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html[5] https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/human-epidemiology-ovarian-cancer
- The genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are a major connection between breast and ovarian cancer.
- These genes, when malfunctioning, increase the likelihood of both breast and ovarian cancers.
- People with these genetic mutations are more likely to see both breast and ovarian cancers occurring.
- Old age, overweight or obesity, family history of either cancer, hormonal imbalances, and hormone therapy after menopause are some risk factors for both breast and ovarian cancer.
- While some risk factors are modifiable, such as weight, exercise habits, alcohol intake, and contraceptive choices, others are age and family history.
- People who have previously battled breast cancer have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
