Genetics and prostate cancer: Is there a link?
Prostate cancer is a significant health concern for many men, particularly those over the age of 65. Approximately 1 out of every 8 prostate cancer cases are due to abnormalities in certain hereditary genes, with metastatic cases often involving mutations in the DNA damage-repair genes BRCA1 and BRCA2[2].
Having a family history of prostate cancer can indicate a genetic risk for the disease. Having a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with prostate cancer roughly doubles the risk of developing the disease, highlighting a genetic component in prostate cancer susceptibility[4][5]. Mutations in BRCA2 and BRCA1 are linked not only to breast and ovarian cancers but also to earlier onset and more aggressive forms of prostate cancer in men[2][4]. Other genes, such as RNASEL, have also been associated with hereditary prostate cancer susceptibility[4].
While prostate cancer is rare in people under the age of 50, it becomes more common after 50. Regular screenings, which may involve tests such as PSA blood tests, digital rectal exams, or imaging scans of the prostate, can help detect prostate cancer early. However, these tests cannot diagnose prostate cancer. A biopsy is required to confirm a diagnosis[6].
Living with one or more risk factors does not mean a person will develop prostate cancer. However, experts generally recommend making diet and lifestyle changes to reduce the number of modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer. Suggestions to help prevent prostate cancer include exercising regularly, making dietary changes, limiting alcohol intake, avoiding or stopping smoking, managing underlying conditions like high blood pressure and cholesterol, reducing stress where possible, and attending regular screenings for prostate cancer as directed by a healthcare professional[3].
It's important to note that prostate cancer occurs more frequently in people with African ancestry and less frequently in people with Asian, Hispanic, or Latino ancestry[7]. Other possible risk factors for prostate cancer may include obesity, diet, smoking, sexually transmitted infections, and inflammation of the prostate, but their exact role is still not clear[7].
While prostate screening can help find prostate cancer, it is unclear whether screening outweighs the risks. People should discuss their risk of cancer with a healthcare professional to review the pros and cons of getting screened and determine the next steps following the results. If prostate cancer develops outside the prostate after diagnosis, it may indicate a genetic connection[1].
In summary, inherited genetic abnormalities account for a minority but significant fraction of prostate cancer cases, emphasizing the importance of family history and genetic testing in risk assessment and early detection strategies. By understanding the risk factors and taking preventive measures, men can take proactive steps towards prostate health.
- Men with a family history of prostate cancer may have an increased risk due to genetic factors.
- Prostate cancer can be caused by abnormalities in hereditary genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Earlier onset and more aggressive forms of prostate cancer can be linked to mutations in BRCA2 and BRCA1.
- Regular health checks, including PSA tests, digital rectal exams, and imaging scans, can help detect prostate cancer early, but a biopsy is required for confirmation.
- To reduce the risk of prostate cancer, men can make lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, better nutrition, limiting alcohol, quitting smoking, managing underlying conditions, stress reduction, and attending regular screenings as advised by a healthcare professional.
- CBD, a potential treatment for chronic diseases and mental health concerns, can also support overall health and wellness, which contributes to the prevention and management of prostate cancer in men.
