Splenectomy: When and Why This Life-Saving Surgery is Needed
A splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, is a procedure performed for various reasons, including severe injury, blood disorders, and certain infections. This organ, located under the rib cage on the left side of the abdomen, plays crucial roles in the immune system and blood filtration.
The spleen can be removed through open surgery or a less invasive laparoscopic procedure. Preparation involves informing the doctor about medications, receiving necessary vaccines, and fasting before the surgery. The procedure can be performed by a general surgeon, trauma surgeon, or other specialists depending on the reason for the surgery. Blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia, hemolytic anemia, ITP, and polycythemia vera may necessitate a splenectomy.
An enlarged spleen, a condition known as splenomegaly, can lead to serious complications like anemia, infection, excessive bleeding, and even rupture, which is a medical emergency. While a splenectomy carries risks like blood loss, infection, and organ damage, it can also resolve health issues that cannot be treated otherwise and potentially save lives.
Undergoing a splenectomy weakens the immune system, requiring yearly vaccines and prophylactic antibiotics. Despite potential risks, the procedure offers significant benefits, including the resolution of certain health issues and the prevention of life-threatening spleen rupture. As with any surgery, a thorough discussion with healthcare providers is essential to understand the procedure, its risks, and its potential benefits.
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