Study: Even Minor Head Hits Can Cause Brain Damage, Challenge CTE Beliefs
A new study published in Nature reveals that repeated head impacts, even without concussions, can trigger brain damage and inflammation. The findings challenge previous beliefs about chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and its causes.
The study, led by Michael J. McKee and colleagues, found a significant drop of 56% in specific neurons in the frontal cortex, the brain region most vulnerable to head impacts. This occurs regardless of tau protein buildup, a hallmark of CTE. The research suggests that symptoms in athletes may stem from inflammation and blood flow changes, not just protein buildup.
The study also indicates that starting contact collision sports at a younger age may increase the risk of brain decline later in life. Repeated head impacts can disrupt the brain's immune cells, microglia, and increase inflammation in blood vessel cells and astrocytes. Even minor hits in high-impact sports like American football, soccer, and rugby can cause brain damage.
The study underscores the need for a rethink in protecting athletes from long-term brain damage. While better protection is crucial, it may not be enough. Retraining athletes to limit unnecessary head impacts, such as reducing the frequency of headers in soccer, could be more effective. Further research is needed to understand the full extent and implications of these findings.
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